The beret has come a long way since its humble beginnings as the headgear
of choice for pelota players in the Basque country, becoming a must-have
accessory as far afield as China.
The jaunty topper preferred by Che Guevara and Pablo Picasso added a
saucy touch
to Monica Lewinsky’s look in a famous photo of her getting a hug from then
president Bill Clinton at a 1996 White House event.
In Oloron-Sainte-Marie, France’s “Basque Beret Capital”, one company, the House
of Laulhere, lays claim to being the oldest producer of the flat cap, turning
them out for nearly 200 years. The beret will never go out of fashion, says
commercial director Mark Saunders. “The image of the Frenchman with a
baguette under the arm and a beret on his head is obsolete only in the
minds of the French,” says the 47-year-old Irishman.
“Overseas, the beret is the emblem of France, synonymous with luxury
and fashion,”
he says, noting that Monaco’s Princess Charlene donned a Laulhere beret for
her first public appearance after the birth of her twin girls two years
ago. Laulhere is now one of the last firms to produce berets that are
100 percent
made in France.
“Just 30 years ago in this region there were 22 beret factories,” Saunders says
in fluent French tinged with an Irish brogue. A few new manufacturers have
sprung up recently in nearby Bearn, including some that simply put the
finishing touches on berets that they buy wholesale,
he notes. “We are not the last French maker but the last historic maker of
the French
beret,” Saunders says with a twinkle in his eye.
Laulhere has a counterpart in the Spanish Basque country just over the border,
Boinas Elosegui, in the town of Tolosa in the shadow of the Pyrenees. Founded
in 1858, it is the only Spanish company to make fine quality Basque berets.
Like Laulhere, at Boinas Elosegui almost the entire process from weave to
finish is carried out by hand using pure virgin merino wool.
Laulhere’s unique know-how earned the company the coveted national distinctions
of Living Heritage Enterprise and Guaranteed Origin France in 2012.
“One of the secrets is the felting, in which the berets are washed for between
five and seven hours with water from the river Gave,” Saunders said. “The
minerals in the Gave water give the Laulhere berets their feel, which
you cannot
achieve with tap water.” The firm was on the edge of bankruptcy in 2012
when it was bought by the Cargo holding company grouping around 15 small
businesses in southwestern France.
Now, with a staff of 45 producing 200,000 berets per year and a turnover of 2.9
million euros (3.2 million US dollars) in 2015, the company has three main
markets. The traditional “Heritage” beret makes up 35 percent of its
output; another 30 percent goes to military clients in France and around
the world, with the rest going to haute-couture thanks to the fashion trend
set by designers such as Dolce & Gabbana, John Galliano, Louis Vuitton and
Ralph Lauren.
It is also the official supplier of France’s rugby team. Nearly a third of
its production is for export, with clients in around 20 countries including
Japan, China and the United States. The process involves 10 main stages
using purpose-built “top-secret” equipment. The knitting is now mechanised,
but all the other stages are performed by hand — including felting, dying,
shaping, shaving, finishing and garnishing.
The basic beret costs 25 euros (28 US dollars), while luxury models can be
priced at as much as 1,400 euros. (AFP)
Photos: Laulhere website