Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of:

– **Cellulose Fibers**: These are derived from wood pulp and are highly absorbent. They help in quickly soaking up the fluid.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. They are often used in conjunction with cellulose fibers to enhance the pad’s absorbency.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick fluid transfer to the absorbent core. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft and breathable while allowing fluid to pass through quickly.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is less breathable but provides a smooth surface that can feel dry even when wet.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a thin, flexible plastic film that is impermeable to liquids. It ensures that the absorbed fluid does not leak out of the pad.
– **Breathable Films**: Some high-end pads use breathable back sheets that allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the pad securely in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to not damage the fabric. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling. They provide a strong bond and are commonly used in sanitary pads.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are tacky at room temperature and form a bond when pressure is applied. They are often used in the wings of the pad to secure it to the underwear.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or other additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrances**: These are added to give the pad a pleasant scent. They are usually synthetic and can vary widely in composition.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Some pads include natural extracts like aloe vera or chamomile to soothe the skin and reduce irritation.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance comfort, absorbency, and leakage protection. Understanding these materials can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality. As the demand for more sustainable and skin-friendly options grows, the industry continues to innovate, exploring new materials and technologies to meet these needs.